Research on Rolling Contact Fatigue Failure of the Bearing Used in High-Speed Electric Multiple Units’ Axle Box Based on a Damage-Coupled Elastic–Plastic Constitutive Model

The axle box bearing is a crucial component of high-speed electric multiple units (EMU) and exposed to harsh working conditions, making it susceptible subsurface-induced rolling contact fatigue (RCF) under long-term alternating stress. objective this paper develop damage-coupled elastic–plastic constitutive model that can accurately predict the RCF life EMU bearings made from AISI 52100 steel. total damage divided into elastic related shear stress range plastic associated with deformation. Material parameters are determined based on experimental data literature, validation conducted ensure validity model. Finally, behavior bearing, including crack initiation, propagation, spalling, simulated, reasonable results obtained. This study provides valuable insights contributes accurate prediction life.